" Psychrometric Chart "
Psychrometry deals with the determination of the thermodynamic properties of moist air and the utilization of these properties in the analysis of conditions and processes involving moist air.
The basic coordinate grid lines of the chart are enthalpy, which slopes up to the left, and the humidity ratio (or specific humidity) which runs horizontal. Dry-Bulb temperature is illustrated by vertical lines uniformly spaced. Wet-Bulb lines slope similarly to enthalpy lines, but the slope increases as the temperature increases. Note that wet-bulb line is not parallel to an enthalpy line; this is because of the heat added to the air mixture by the moisture, as it changes from dry to saturated air. Relative humidity lines are curved, with the saturation line defining the upper boundary of the chart.
"Operational Expenses"
Startups often want to compete with corporate giants. Hence they tend to buy the same tools that these giants do. For many startups, this may not be a financially viable strategy. It would not be prudent to invest hard-earned cash in obtaining licenses for email and calendaring software. Similarly, companies tend to spend an inordinate amount of money on accounting and payment processing software. This is where startups need to leverage the benefits of modern technology.
A lot of these services are available in the cloud. They can be obtained by paying a fraction of what big service providers like Google and Microsoft would demand. Startups must first acknowledge that their operations are small and hence the tools used by mega-corporations may just be expensive and economically unviable as far as their business is concerned.
Know More...Variable Primary Flow Design in Chiller
Modern DDC controllers on chillers allow the possibility of variable flow design. Traditional thinking has been that the chiller should see the constant flow and then the load will vary directly with the return fluid temperature. Allowing variable flow means the cooling load can vary either with the return fluid temperature or a change in the chilled water flow. It requires modern controllers to deal with two variables and provide stable chiller operation.
Know More...Minimum Chilled Water Volume in Chillers
The volume of chilled water in the chilled water system acts as a damper and smoothes out the effects due to load change. Process loads tend to be the most abrupt and can cause the chiller to shut down on safety if the system is not designed correctly. As well, when a chiller is close-coupled to a large dominant air conditioning load (A chiller connected to a single large air handling unit for example) the chiller can “hunt” on the control valve and result in unstable operation.
Know More...Process Applications in HVAC
Process applications can place unique demands on chiller plants. All parties involved in a process application should be fully aware that it is a process and not an HVAC application to avoid any confusion.
Know More...Low Delta T Syndrome in HVAC
Low delta T syndrome occurs when the design chilled water temperature range is not maintained. Any variable flow system can experience low delta T and the problem is exacerbated at part load. In severe cases, the chilled water range has dropped from 12°F design to 2°F. When this occurs, the flow rate must be increased significantly to provide cooling in the building. The following section will expand more on causes and solutions for low delta T syndrome.
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"Funding Options To Raise Startup Capital"
No matter how great your business idea is, one essential element of startup success is your ability to obtain sufficient funding to start and grow the business.
A startup might require funding for one, a few, or all of the following purposes. It is important that you, as an entrepreneur, are clear about why you are raising funds. You should have a detailed financial and business plan before you approach investors.
Know More...HVAC-Heat Recovery in Chillers
Some HVAC systems, such as fan coils, can require chilled water year-round. Where the weather allows, waterside free cooling can avoid the need for mechanical cooling. Other systems such as floor-by-floor compartment systems can use waterside free cooling and avoid the need for access to an exterior wall.
Know More...HVAC-Waterside Free Cooling
For large chillers or where more than two chillers are anticipated a primary-secondary (also called decoupled) piping system is often used. To reduce installation and operating costs, it is desirable to apply diversity to the system flow. With diversity applied to flow, the pumps and piping will be smaller. To accomplish this, two-way control valves are used at the loads. At the same time, it is desirable to provide constant flow through the chillers to maintain chiller stability. The solution is primary secondary piping.
Know More...HVAC- Primary Secondary Systems
Series chillers are another method of operating more than one chiller in a plant. This design concept resolves the mixed flow issues found in parallel chiller designs. The chillers can be preferentially loaded as well, allowing the designer to optimize chiller performance. Series chiller systems are straightforward to design and operate.
Know More...HVAC Chiller Arrangement- Series
To provide some redundancy in the HVAC design, most designers will require two or more chillers. Multiple chillers also offer the opportunity to improve on overall system part load performance and reduce energy consumption. Parallel chiller plants are straightforward to design and are easily modified for variable primary flow.
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"Happy Days Ahead – EPC Sector in India"
In India, the construction industry has evolved from item rate packages to lump-sum contracts and then to EPC contracts over the years. It has resulted in a visible shift from owner-managed projects to projects where the risk of time and cost overruns has been transferred to the contractor, along with the responsibility of designing, procurement of material and construction. This form of the contract even protects the owner/developer from currency and interest rate fluctuates. With the development of EPC contractor’s financial and technological capabilities, the project owner began to award the project on a lump-sum turnkey contract.
As per a recent article by PWC, India (an emerging economy), is likely to add another 500 million to its urban population over the next four decades, spurring additional infrastructure spending in such major sectors like energy and telecommunications. Because of the ongoing development of India’s technology services sector and growing consumer demand, spending for telecommunications infrastructure is expected to increase to $130 billion by 2025, up from $27 billion in 2013. In addition, growing per capita income in emerging markets will mean a larger middle class that will translate into infrastructure for manufacturing sectors that provide the raw materials for consumer goods and for more and better roads. The economic rebalancing should eventually reach a tipping point as emerging markets continue to expand their global reach and influence (as shown in Figure A).
Know More...Parallel Chiller System
To provide some redundancy in the HVAC design, most designers will require two or more chillers. Multiple chillers also offer the opportunity to improve on overall system part load performance and reduce energy consumption. Parallel chiller plants are straightforward to design and are easily modified for variable primary flow.
Know More...Single Chiller System
Single chiller systems are the easiest to design and operate but are also the least efficient chiller plant design for buildings. Moreover, they provide no redundancy; if the chiller fails, all cooling is lost. Single chiller plants require the smallest mechanical room, particularly if the chiller is air or evaporatively cooled. Water cooled or air cooled chillers can be used however, air cooled chillers do not require a condenser loop including piping, cooling tower, and pump.
Know More...HVAC Mechanical Room Safety
Chillers represent large, powerful machines filled with refrigerants. When chillers are placed in confined spaces, care must be exercised to provide safety to the equipment operator and the public at large.
Know More...Dual Compressor and VFD Chillers
The unique performance of both Daikin Applied dual compressor and variable frequency drive chillers affect the chiller plant design. While it is satisfactory to simply switch conventional chillers with either dual or VFD chillers in the chiller plant, to take full advantage of these chillers capabilities, the design should be modified.
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START UP SPENDING – WHERE TO SPEND ?
Running a business isn’t easy. More than 90% of the businesses set up each year go bankrupt within the first three years. Less than 10% continue to live over the years. The number one reason for start-ups going bankrupt is the lack of cash. This brings us to the question, how do start-ups spend their cash? Do they have a way to prioritize spending?
Know More...DESIGN OF AIR COOLED CHILLERS
The choice of chiller type and chiller plant design are inherently linked. Different chiller types have different strengths and by careful selection of chiller plant design, these strengths can be optimized.
Know More...Relation between Water Temperatures ranges in Chillers
The selection of temperature ranges can affect the chiller plant operation and energy usage. The limiting temperatures are the required supply air temperature and either the ambient wet-bulb (water or evaporatively cooled chillers) or dry-bulb (air-cooled chillers) temperatures. Once these have been identified, the HVAC system must operate within them.
Know More...HVAC SYSTEM SELECTION
Figure 1 shows a basic chilled water system with connected loads. The system consists of a chiller, cooling tower, building cooling load, chilled water and condensing water pumps and piping. This section will review each of the components.
Know More...Will Rs 1 crore be enough to take care of all needs after 15 years?
Typically, many investors want to create a corpus of Rs 1 crore after a decade or more. In some cases, the corpus is to take care of retired life, whereas in others, it is meant for children’s education or marriage. Some investors just like the idea to have a corpus of Rs. 1 crore after some years. This raises many questions in our heads: has the person just picked up a random number? Or has she worked with real numbers? Has the person accounted for inflation?
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Right Age for Entrepreneurship - Indian Scenario
Age, Mark Twain famously said, is an issue of mind over matter. If you don’t mind, it doesn’t matter!
" There is no perfect age to start a business"
This line you must have heard numerous times in motivational speeches. But what is the practical ground reality? Which age group of entrepreneurs has less percentage (%) of Startup Failures. Which age group is more likely to turn up the start-up in a successful way?
Know More...HVAC - Principles & Functions
Air conditioning is the process whereby the condition of Air, as defined by its temperature and moisture content, is changed. In practice, other factors must also be taken into account especially cleanliness; odour; velocity & distribution pattern.
Know More...Expansion Tank Design for Chilled water System
Section 1.0: Introduction
An expansion tank is used in a chilled water system to accomplish three main tasks,
(1) accommodate thermal expansion of the chilled water,
(2) maintain positive pressure at all points in the system at all times and
(3) maintain net positive suction head at the chilled water pump(s).
NEWTON'S FIRST LAW IN DAILY LIFE
SIR ISSAC NEWTON, (born January 4,1643) in Woolsthorpe, England - (died March 31,1727) in London, England. He was an English Physicist and mathematician, and was a culminating figure in the Scientific revolution of the 17th Century. He made many great discoveries in the field of physics and mathematics, and is one of the most renowned scientist of all time. He made many discoveries in various fields some of them are as follows:
Know More...ENERGY & it's significance in daily life
There are many applications of Electric Energy in our day to day life. It's like even if you are at any part of Earth you will be having Electric Energy in within our 500metres range. It has now became the 4th basic necessity of Human beings apart than food, clothing and shelter. And if you look closely you will be realize that our 3 basic necessities are also dependent on Electric Energy. No Electric Energy no Textile Mills, No Food industry.
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How to handle & Win @ Office Politics
“In weak companies politics win. In strong companies your ideas do” - Steve Jobs
In Oxford politics is defined as been sensible and wise in the circumstances, how to manage people and situation in an organisation is known as office politics. We in our career path are challenged and faced by situation or circumstance which unknowingly make us part of the corporate politics like backstabbing, hiding information, not sharing our knowledge, spreading malicious rumours. Organizations have limited resources. This can lead to teams competing to satisfy their own needs and goals, even when this may go against the "greater good."
Know More...HEAT & it's significance in daily life
When you are cooking in kitchen and the stove is ON the flames produced by stove releases heat to the surrounding. This heat is transferred to the vessel placed on it and this in turn transfers the heat to the food in the vessel making it hot. During this process you might have observed that the temperature in the kitchen also rises, No that's not because the fan is turned off but due to the heat generated by flames. The heat released by flames is not only transferred to the vessel but also to the surrounding of the stove and Kitchen by means of radiation. Here since the temperature of the kitchen was lower that that of the Heat it started releasing heat to the surrounding atmosphere also.
Know More...Boyle's Law in daily life
We all have seen a syringe while visiting a doctor. It consists of a hollow cylinder called a barrel and a sliding plunger attached to it. The working principle of a syringe is like a reciprocating pump. When the plunger is pushed, the fluid will inject, and when the plunger is pulled, the fluid will withdraw. The pushing of the plunger reduces the volume of the fluid in the barrel. This reduction in the volume causes a momentary increase in the pressure of the fluid, and the fluid is injected into the patient's body. In a similar way, the pulling of the plunger increases the volume of the fluid. It results in a momentary decrease in the pressure of the fluid, and external fluid is withdrawn. Well you can see it for yourselves at the nearby Vaccination centers. Book your slots and gear up against Covid.
Know More...POWER & it's significance in daily life
So we can conclude that, Power is much required for consumer/individual to recognize his belongings true potential i.e if one buys a car it's of utmost importance to check it's power output and it's effect on other aspects of the car. Similar is the case for Bikes, Ships & Airplanes. Also we can Power enables us to recognize our needs as in if an interior development work is on the card then the lighting of the house is the main aspects that enhances the looks of our property. Great lighting comes at the cost of electricity bill and the requisites of that lighting product.
Know More...FORCE & significance in daily life
The most important contrast is that a strain gauge is a single resistive element, while a load cell is an arrangement of four strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge configuration. Also using a load cell involves applying voltage to opposite nodes, whereas using a strain gauge necessitates arranging two to four strain gauges to undergo opposite forces.
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PRESSURE & it's significance in daily life
By using a knife to cut any material, if the knife has sharp edges, the user would not have to exert much effort to cut the object because its contact area is reduced, resulting in more pressure being exerted and the object being cut down with ease. If the edges were blunt, the person will have to exert more effort to cut down the same object because then the contact area is increased, resulting in less pressure being generated on the object and making this somewhat harder to cut.
Know More...Window AC- Have you installed it Right?
With summers around the corner, you must surely be looking for ways to beat the scorching heat. If you are looking for a classic, affordable option to cool down your room, then a window air conditioner is an excellent choice. It is a reliable option that can cool a room of various sizes. Newer models make less noise and are more energy-efficient than those built a decade ago. You can also easily install a window AC without calling a professional, and this guide answers all your questions on how to install a window AC unit.
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